Best Practices in Teaching Comprehension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Best Practices in Teaching Comprehension - Essay Example The underlying mechanisms by which comprehension and knowledge acquisition occur are 'top-bottom' and 'bottom-up' technologies. Bottom-up or data driven activation of schema occurs when information on the page activates a certain low level schemata or feature detectors which in turn activate or instantiate a higher up sub schema or other higher up structure. In that processing manner,information enters into the perceptual system from the most specific feature at the bottom and travels upward to the most general structure in the system. On the other hand,conceptual driven activation occurs when the highest and most abstract structure at the top of the system sends down information through the hierarchy of structures till it reaches the lowest structure or the feature detector. This processing flow of information in a top-down manner is brought to account for incoming data and to comprehend it as a correct interpretation of the input. Both types of mechanisms work in both directions. The process of understanding discourse is the process of finding a configuration that offers an adequate account of the passage in question. Clues from the passage suggest possible interpretations (instantiation of schemata) that are then evaluated against the successive sentences of the passage until finally a consistent interpretation is discovered. The scenario of the passage is an information network called from the long-term memory by a particular linguistic input which is a basic principle of enabling the knowledge of the reader to be used in such a way as to allow for direct interpretation of entities or events predicted by his knowledge. To the extent that any text conforms to the predictions it is readily interpreted,if not,it will be more difficult to understand. Reading is a far more creative activity than most think with information in the text better regarded as evidence or even building blocks from which readers construct their own meanings and often their entire experiences. There are four theories for the failure of a reader to understand correctly a written passage: 1-The reader may not have the appropriate schemata,i.e,cannot understand the concept being communicated. 2-The reader may have the appropriate schemata but the clues provided by the author may be insufficient to suggest them. 3-The reader may find a consistent interpretation of the text but may not find the one intended by the author. In such case,the reader will 'understand' the text but will misunderstand the author. 4-The reader may have the appropriate schemata and that the writer may have provided sufficient clues in the text but the reader has not learned how to decode clues in a text. The ways to decode such difficulties is by understanding the following: a-Rationale of the mode: In seeking to study the role of background knowledge or schema, Carrel and Eisterhold draw the useful distinction between two types of schemata:content schemata represent background knowledge about the content area or the topic of a text whereas formal schemata represent background expectations about the rhetorical structure of a text. Carrell(1983) found out that the role of either content or formal schemata or

Film, Fashion and Food in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Film, Fashion and Food in India - Essay Example The paper "Film, Fashion and Food in India" discovers the Indian fashion, food and film. The Indian film industry encompasses other language film industries because of the high number of languages spoken by most Indians hence most portions of the Indian film industry are fragmented. Although Bollywood leads India in the production of the film, its specialty is mainly Hindu movies other regions such as Chennai that was formally known as Madras produces films in Tamil and Kolkata is the Bengali movie capital. English, Hindu, and Urdu are among the popular languages in most Bollywood movies where you find an amalgamation of these languages in a single film be it a dialog, soundtracks or subtitles. Of significance however in these Indian films is the art of music that makes the films typically musicals that have catchy music interwoven in the script. Typically the plot of the Indian films is always melodramatic with features like unlucky lovers, love triangles, sacrifice, family attachme nts, devious villains, crooked politicians, and kidnappers, courtesans with golden hearts, theatrical rehearsals of destiny, opportune coincidences and siblings estranged by fate. However, the pattern is changing with the industry advancing to the production of technically advanced films with hilarious stunts in line with global changes in the movie industry. The major part of the creative isolation of early Indian cinema and development of their rules largely differ from the rest of worldly film.

Sixteen Candles :: Film Analysis

The 1986 film â€Å"Sixteen Candles† tells a timeless tale of growing up in suburban America. The film’s star, Sam, played by Molly Ringwald, wakes up with big expectations on her sweet sixteenth birthday only to be completely disappointed. Not only does she find that she looks exactly the same as when she was fifteen, but her family is so preoccupied with her older sister’s wedding that they forget her birthday altogether.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film opens with Sam on the phone with her best girlfriend Randy. She is examining herself in her full length mirror and is totally horrified to find that her body didn’t’ magically transform overnight. She was hoping to wake up with a body just like Caroline’s. Caroline is the head cheerleader, prom queen, and girlfriend of the most popular boy in school, Jake Ryan. Sam is hopelessly â€Å"in love† with Jake and is convinced that he won’t know she exists until she is more developed, more mature, more like Caroline. Little does she know, Jake does notice her. He is intrigued by a certain mispassed note containing some very personal information about Sam’s sex life (or lack of one). In this note, Sam confesses that she is a virgin (she has never done â€Å"it†) and is saving herself not for marriage, but for Jake Ryan. Jake finds himself wanting to get to know Sam and wanting a real relationship with someone like her, rather than with someone like Caroline. He knows Caroline doesn’t love him, and he doesn’t love her either. The only real reason they’re together is because he’s the most popular boy at school and she’s the most popular girl. Throughout the movie, Sam is preoccupied with becoming more like Caroline, while the real reason Jake is interested in her is because she is not like Caroline. By the end of the movie Sam learns a valuable lesson about being her own person and even gets the guy along the way.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This film contains some classic examples of the kinds of real life issues adolescents deal with. Issues such as popularity, peer relationships, family/sibling relationships, sex, and struggles with identity are all addressed in this ninety-minute film.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sam’s high school is like any stereotypical high school with it’s various social crowds. The popular crowd in this movie is composed of mostly jocks and cheerleaders. These adolescents seem to be the most physically attractive and have the wealthiest parents.

Analysis of Andre’s Mother by Terrence McNally Essay

The play, Andre’s Mother, by Terrence McNally is a story about accepting death and is based in a story about a young man who died before telling his mother that he was gay; leaving the man’s partner to break the news and to inform the mother about how much he missed seeing her and his fear of being rejected by her, in the time before his death. The theme of this story is to live life everyday with no regrets. Throughout the symbols and references you begin to understand the life of Andre. The white balloon represents letting go and leaving a young man in peace. The silence of his mother shows that she never accepted his sexual preference. While Hamlet references the struggles of his everyday life. The white balloon in the play Andre’s Mother is a symbol of Andre’s soul. Cal speaks about the white balloons saying, â€Å"They represent the soul. When you let go, it means you’re letting his soul ascend to Heaven, that you’re willing to let go. Breaking the last earthly ties†(McNally 737). Andre is saying that the white balloons are Andre’s soul and that when you release them, you’re willing to let go of all the wrong and let him rest in peace. Penny, Cal’s sister, and Arthur, Cal’s dad let go of the balloon without hesitation. After releasing their balloons Cal reluctantly admits, â€Å"I’m not ready yet†(McNally 737). This is because Cal still couldn’t let go and still had regrets. The balloon being white represents purity. Letting go of the white balloon meant that after all that was said, Andre was now clear and pure again. I believe that white balloon represented letting go of Andre and letting his soul rest in peace with no regrets and nothing left unsaid. Andre’s mother’s silence throughout the play proved to us she did not accept her son’s homosexuality. Cal tells Andre’s mother how much Andre missed her and longed for her acceptance. He gets finished with his rant and still no response from Andre’s mother. Cal gets mad and replies, â€Å"It’s bullshit. It’s all bullshit. [Still No response]† Her silence shows that she is not accepting of Andre’s sexual preference. At the end of the play Andre’s mom with her own conflicts releases the balloon. The play write quotes, â€Å"He goes, Andre’s mother stands alone holding her white balloon. Her lips tremble. She looks on the verge of breaking down. She looks at it awhile before she gently kisses it and lets go of the balloon†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I believe at that point that Andre’s mother forgave her son and was willing to wipe the slate clean by releasing the white balloon and letting Andre’s soul rest in peace. Andre’s mother’s silence throughout the play shows that she never accepted her son’s sexuality. Even though she wasn’t accepting she let her son rest in peace and let his soul ascend to heaven. Andre’s love of theater and the play Hamlet gave us an insight to his life. At the beginning of the play Cal expresses Andre’s love of theatre. Cal expresses, â€Å"God, how much he wanted to play Hamlet again. He would have gone to Timbuktu to have another go at that part. The summer he did in Boston, he was so happy! †(McNally 736). This reference to Hamlet, I believe showcases the struggles Andre went through. Andre struggled with decision-making and avoiding things, as did Hamlet. Hamlet struggled whether to avenge his father and struggled with the decision that he had been avoiding. This is also apparent when Cal brings up Andre’s great performance saying, â€Å"You should have come up the summer he plated Hamlet. He was magnificent†(McNally 738). I believe the Hamlet reference was to showcase Andre and his internal struggles. McNally uses strong a strong sense of symbolism throughout the story. First by holding a white balloon, the characters were holing a representation of Andre’s life and the memories that they each had of him. By releasing the balloon, they were letting go of the sadness of his death and for some, the secret he’d been keeping from his family. This also represented the crossing over of Andre. In the story, Andre was afraid of being rejected by his mother, whose silence throughout the play proves that she was incapable of offering acceptance to his homosexuality. With Andre’s love of the theater and specifically Hamlet, he is relating himself to one of the most recognized internal struggles of the theater world.

Title the Enhancement of Social Networking Tools in...

Abstract : The most efficient idea to enhance businesses is through networking, precisely social networking to enquire tremendous methods for problem solving. This study represents a research on the influence impact social networking tools has done to business environments. Studies have shown that most SMEs rise with the help of social network has developed its own platform to encourage entrepreneurs to exceed at the highest level possible to be able to compete in the major market. The major findings have emerged as follows: A) Since social networking tools has become a vital part in one’s life, statistics shows that Facebook has over 60 million active users regardless of its purposes, and this idea has been the pinnacle for business†¦show more content†¦Discussion The role responsibilities of social networking tools to enhance business growth are vastly developed to serve us as a surface from scratch to start a business. The development via hardware software of the SnS s better resolute users to ‘plug play’ in their businesses, which is the most important aspects a user is comfortable using this tools for generate income. People are like ‘social animals’, they need to associate with many other to communicate, share information within certain capacity, and nothing is better than socializing using SnS as a basic tool. It is very important for an undergraduate to familiarize himself/herself with the media, mainly the internet, precisely social networks to gain knowledge with the software its capabilities, in return to use them later in the business world for better opportunities. It is said to be that social networking tools can be implemented with or without running a business, definitely can be kicked off for start ing a new business, the fastest effective way for people around the world to know what businesses means in their lives today. However, a report released from Open DNS, a DNS resolution service--casts some light on how businesses are treating social networking and online video websites at least in terms of how employees spend their time while on the clock. While brands areShow MoreRelatedIbm Corporation : My Developerworks Case Study1698 Words   |  7 Pages (IBM Corporation, 2014) Title – IBM Corporation: My developerWorks Case Study Date – 9/15/2014 Name – Pawankumar Sharma CRITICAL FACTS: †¢ International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American integrated technology and consulting company founded by Thomas J. Watson and Charles R. Flint on June 16, 1911. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ Headquartered in Armonk, New York. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ IBM is a 400,000 strong employee organization working with clients in 170 countries thus makingRead MoreIbm Corporation : My Developerworks Case Study1698 Words   |  7 Pages (IBM Corporation, 2014) Title – IBM Corporation: My developerWorks Case Study Date – 9/15/2014 Name – Pawankumar Sharma CRITICAL FACTS: †¢ International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American integrated technology and consulting company founded by Thomas J. Watson and Charles R. Flint on June 16, 1911. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ Headquartered in Armonk, New York. (IBM Corporation , 2014) †¢ IBM is a 400,000 strong employee organization working with clients in 170 countries thus makingRead MoreProfessional Development Pl Career Plan1889 Words   |  8 Pagesoutline goals, steps to accomplish the goals, social media preference, personal strengths and weakness, and timelines. 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The Genocide Of The Cambodian Genocide - 1564 Words

Don’t Smile, Don’t Laugh, Don’t Shed a Tear According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, genocide is defined as â€Å" the deliberate killing of people who belong to a particular racial, political or cultural group.† When most people think of the word genocide, often the Holocaust comes to mind. What the world seems to fail to realize is that many genocides, just as tragic have and continue to occur. The Cambodian Genocide is an important event to understand and research because it is one of the lesser-known genocides and can be analyzed for future genocide prevention. Background Cambodia is a small country of Southeast Asia, less than half the size of the state of California (â€Å"World Without Genocide: Cambodian Genocide†). The Cambodian government in the mid 1970’s was unstable as Lon Nol, the Cambodian prime minister, and his forces were being stretched dealing with conflicts of Vietnamese communists, and a rising group of Cambodian communists called the Khmer Rouge Party. (Peace Pledge Union) As the government grew weaker and began to loose control, The Khmer Rouge Party overthrew the country. They began killing for their cause in 1975. The Khmer Rouge Party, under the rule of a man called Pol Pot, enforced a new way of life following values and rules similar to Maoist-Communism (â€Å"World Without Genocide: Cambodian Genocide†). The Khmer Party attempted, in simplistic terms, to nationally centralize the middle or farming class of Cambodia (â€Å"World Without Genocide: CambodianShow MoreRelatedThe Cambodian Genocide And The Armenian Genocide2391 Words   |  10 PagesThe Cambodian Genocide and the Armenian Genocide have similar methods of how the victims were killed. They similarly murdered their victims, starved their victims and targeted government officials. They were different in that the Armenians were deported but the Khmer Rouge targeted Cambodians based of their class and had re-education camps. 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Influence of the Superpowers in the Middle East Conflict...

To what extent was the Middle East conflict between 1948 and 1978 fuelled by the interests and concerns of the superpowers in the region? During 1948 and 1978 there was massive conflict in the Middle East between Arab Muslim countries and Jewish Israel. The conflict itself was fuelled by nationalism and religious differences and other disputes such as the Palestinians refugee problem. During this time the superpowers got involved in the Middle East because of the cold war. However, the superpowers involvement was noticeable by their attempts to implement their respected influences in the Middle East to gain power with respect to their political and economical policies of the world and become â€Å"the ultimate superpower†. Thus the superpowers were involved and contributed to the conflict but in a very small way compared to nationalism and religious differences in the Middle East. During 1948 and 1978 there was massive conflict in the Middle East between Arab Muslim countries and Jewish Israel. This conflict was caused by nationalism and religious differences. Israel was declared a state on the 14 May 1948 this led to the Arab states attacking Israel in attempt to destroy Israel completely so that it would seize to exist as a state. The attack of the Arab states on Israel led to the war of 1948, which ended in 1949 with Israel being victorious. This war added even more fuel to the Middle East conflict as over a million Palestinians became refugees and were scattered over theShow MoreRelatedConflicts in the Middle East between 1949 and 19731987 Words   |  8 Pagesthe conflict in the middle east between 1948-1973 was not purely fuelled by the interest and concerns of the superpowers but rather of a series of conflictual incidents, aswell as the main wars that took place from the years from 1948-1967 such as the: 1948 War, The Six Day War of 1967 and the Yom Kippur war of 1973. But although the conflict was not fuelled by the superpowers, the influence of the superpowers and the reach of the superpowers into the Middle East was evident in the years both priorRead MoreTo What Extent Was the Middle East Conflict between 1948 and 1978 Fuelled by the Interests and Concerns of the Superpowers in the Region2093 Words   |  8 PagesDiscursive essay Topic: To what extent was the Middle East conflict between 1948 to 1978 fuelled by the interests and concerns of the superpowers in the region? From 1948 to 1978, in the Middle East, the two superpowers at the time the USA and the USSR were trying to exert their spheres of influence in the Middle East. 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To both, and to many biased observers the history of the Egyptian/Israeli conflict is very one sided, with one government, or one people causing the continued wars between the two neighboring states. But, as any social scientist of any reputation will state, all international conflicts have more than one side, and usually are the result of events surrounding, and extending over the parties involvedRead MoreArab-Israeli Conflict Essay1762 Words   |  8 Pages Arab-Israeli Conflict During the First World War (1914-1918), Britain met with problems concerning promises made, yet not being kept. Britain, knowing that it needed all the help it could get against the German allies, promised land to people who desperately wanted it. However, as it was revealed Britain had no intention of honouring their word. 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The first half of the study will trace the strategies of the players throughout the negotiations, and the second half will analyze how the outcomes were reached. I. BACKGROUND At its heart, the Arab-Israeli conflict is a struggle between Zionist and Arab nationalism. Since the late 19th Century, these forces have fought over two major issues: control over Palestine and the existence of a Jewish state within the Muslim Arab world. The Jewish call for a homeland to protectRead MoreChina Research Paper6220 Words   |  25 Pagesintroduced in 1978 and initially applied to first-born children from 1979. The policy is enforced at the local level through  fines  that are imposed based on the  income  of the family and other factors. China had three major eras in their history Ancient China, Imperial China, and Modern China. First, there was Ancient China during this age came the Xia Dynasty (2100-1600 BC), next was the Shang Dynasty, The written history of china can be found as early as the Shang Dynasty which was between 1700-1046BCRead More Relations Between Turkey and America Essay5063 Words   |  21 Pages Relations Between Turkey and America INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to look for the relations between Turkey and America from the cold war to current issues I will study on the situations that are developed between America and Turkey starts from the end of the cold war such as â€Å"Truman doctrine†, â€Å"missile crisis† and â€Å"gulf war†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The policies of United States and the reactions of Turkey’s against that policies will take part in this paper. COLD WAR The Soviet Union andRead MoreForeign Policy of Pakistan from 1947 to 201210146 Words   |  41 Pagesmajor objectives i.e. to ensure security through military capability and economic development. In this respect, it is argued that the elements of Pakistan’s security policy bear the imprint of the British colonial legacy. It also has had a profound influence on the Pakistan policy with its neighbour states in post independence era. Hence, the principal objectives of Pakistan’s foreign policy are security and development. Pakistani elites’ approach to security, especially in the context of Afghanistan